What is conservation of biodiversity? Explain the strategies of in-situ and x - situ conservation in biodiversity conservation?
When we talk of biodiversity, we talk of genetic stress, race and ecosystem. We can also read this locally, such as the continent of the earth, South Asia or country. Biodiversity allows us to understand the difference between the ecosystem and the wild populations of animals. They build life on the planet. The subjects of biodiversity have a bearing on the developed and developing countries.
-Meaning of biodiversity:
Biodiversity means diversity in living nature, it means not understanding. It is compared to animals that live in different ecosystems. Before the advent of man, earth had the highest biodiversity in terms of geoscientific history. But with the coming of man, he has declined. Our objective is to save biodiversity as well as conserve it for posterity. Preserved areas of biodiversity are designed and operated geographically. These areas are especially useful for the preservation of caste, diversity, extinct species and traditional crops. Biodiversity is the health of the ecosystem. Biodiversity varies from genetic diversity to the species of the ecosystem. Biodiversity is a part of weather
-Biodiversity conservation is:-
The biological activities of the biosphere are not dependent on biodiversity. The necessary protection for man to grow up with food, health food, clothing, etc. from early times in humanity is due to biodiversity. The interaction and interaction between the biological and human communities is seen in the co - existence and co - existence of flora and fauna. After man's permanent stay for starting agriculture business and mechanised farming practices in the 20th century, many species of plants and animals lost their natural habitat. This disrupted ecological processes due to loss of energy in the productivity and nutritional level of various links to the biological cycle. Over - exploitation and exploitation of the biological elements of nature to meet the needs of uncompensated wants have had to result in a genetic elimination.
Presently, biodiversity is being observed in almost all regions of the world. One of the important causes of this deterioration in diversity is the replacement of indigenous, conventional and environmental friendly seeds in the fields with improved gene structure for more productive seeds and energy effluent mechanical methods with the goal of traditional, sustainable and limited production. Similarly, forest ecosystem is a natural habitat for most biological species. Natural habitat of any species of water are eliminated due to avoidable human interference.
# Appropriate programmes for biodiversity conservation are organised and important steps :-
• ensure protection and protection for endangered species.
• development of food crops, fodder plants and shrubs, wood - yielding plants, should be ensured.
• habitat habitats of biodiversity as well as habitat migration spots of some species may also be protected.
• the bioconservation and management plan was formulated to prevent the elimination of species.
• conservation of wildlife in every country should be ensured by identifying the habitat of wildlife.
• international trade in wildlife, flora and fauna, commercially viable should be regulated.
A global convention on biodiversity conservation convened by the world health organization called the 'save plants for earth protection' on the chung mai announcement. The announcement drew attention to inequality in the global spectrum of benefits from biodiversity. The basic need for biodiversity conservation is a well planned and well planned environmental friendly integrated natural resource management. In view of this, the United Nations has set up certain responsibilities and regard the village as a unit.
- protection of forests as their habitat.
-Conservation and unfriendly soil.
-Promotion of land conservation in key agro - productive areas, environment friendly farming practices.
# role of India in biodiversity conservation -
India is home to 2.4 per cent of the world 's land and yet has 8 per cent of the world' s biological diversity. The agricultural biological diversity in India is 167 crop species and over 350 wild species. Its role in the world agricultural world is a festival as research has shown that 30,000-50,000 types of rice, arhar, mango, turmeric, ginger, sugarcane, gooseberry, etc. are grown in India making it an important rich organic database. A working group of experts on biodiversity was adopted which was later called the inter - governmental agreement committee. This group became the instrument of preparing the biological diversity convention for consideration at the upcoming earth conference in Rio - DE genrio in Brazil. Almost all the countries at the conference have taken part in it. Signed and endorsed by the 30th country it became a law in December 1993. This has a special significance for moral and political reforms on earth. It has three main areas :-
• preserving the biological diversity.
• using them while sustaining the biological resources.
• consistently distribute the benefits of such use.
The treaty of developed nations like the United States has not yet signed. In view of its national environmental requirements, as well as international policy, the government of India has demarcated its biodiverse areas for conservation of national biodiversity. Such protected areas have been classified into protected biosphere, national parks, wildlife, wildlife, and sanctuary areas of hunting.
- important measures of biodiversity conservation are :-
The economic, social, political, ecological, scientific and technological importance of biodiversity needs to be understood. The world 's biodiversity will be depleted if there is continuity in diversity degradation. In such a situation, two nations may in course of time lose their political freedom.
Hence, ethics is the first pillar of biodiversity conservation. It is the moral responsibility of all of us not to destroy our natural resources before they reach the next generation. Personal column life of conservation relates to requirement. The natural heritage will become corrupted if it meets life 's needs. These substitutes must be used in a scientific way to keep natural wealth intact. The third pillar of protection is aesthetic sense. Forests, grasslands and wildlife have a natural beauty that makes our lives convenient and not attractive.
Thus, for biodiversity, traditional method for conservation, improvement in joint forest management, etc. The role of tribals and villagers in biodiversity prosperity and protection has not yet received due importance. This needs special attention.
- Strategies for biodiversity conservation :- I In situ :-
1. In- situ:-
Under this method, the species is protected in its habitat and in the environment created by man. Where it is found, in this method, the reserved areas of different categories are managed for the benefit of the society for different purposes. In safe areas, national park sanctuary and biosphere reserve are the major ones.
(I) Biosphere reserve :-
Demarcation of biosphere is an effective way of preserving biological diversity. Under the biosphere reserve, the conservation of trees, plant, animal, birds, small animals and water and cultural heritage is provided.
(II) The national park :-
A bistue wide area, which is narrow in many ecosystems, is limited by the central government of national park. The national park provides protection to trees, plants, animals, birds, landforms. And where education and research work is facilitated. In the national parks, it is prohibited :-
• prohibition of animal - bird hunting, catching, stealing fish.
• restriction on destroying the natural habitat of any wild animal.
• arms cannot be used in the national park.
• restrictions on accessibility
• boundaries of national park cannot be changed.
(III) The sanctuary :-
The demarcation of the sanctuary in India is done by the state governments. The state government can also declare conditions as places of importance as places of demarcation. Under a shelter a particular animal, bird or plant is protected by conservation. Out of which there are 21 bird sanctuaries and tiger sanctuaries. The main objective of the establishment of a national park is to protect wildlife. However, the purpose of setting up sanctuary is to provide protection to a particular species of wildlife.
2. Habitat protection (x - situ) :-
Habitat of animals is provided with habitat protection if habitat is destroyed or ruined. In habitat conservation, natural habitat for threatened animal species by man is kept in artificial habitat.
For such conservation, bird houses, botanical gardens, seed Banks, etc.
Rehabilitation centres are established at many places to provide protection to distress. In that country. Such rehabilitation centres were set up under the national scheme of 1983.
The main objective of rehabilitation centres :-
• identifying endangered species to protect.
• capture and protect certain species, which are indeed very seriously endangered, to return to and protect them.
• setting up of bird houses, botanical gardens, seed bank etc.
• arrange fertilization of plant species kept in rehabilitation centres, pregnancy, evasion.
• release of children of animals and birds, especially after the age of rehabilitation, into natural habitats.
• to give special attention to the health of animals and birds kept in rehabilitation and to manage their breeding.
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Conclusion :-
The piller biodiversity of the evolution of human civilization is primarily habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, environmental pollution, over - exploitation of foreign origin vegetation; Poaching of wildlife, forest destruction, overgrazing disease, etc. is under threat.
Biodiversity is about the morphological and culturally decentralized colonies of ecosystems on earth. It is sacred to ordinary people but is a trading item for large companies. These ecological systems form an ecosystem that sustain life in various forms. The biological diversity convention adopted and since then adequate steps have been taken to build up the decision making structure.
Biodiversity conservation is, therefore, the greatest need of the time for the fulfillment of various needs of man and freedom from natural calamities.
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