What is Environmental Calamities in English, environment disasters essay

Environmental Calamities

Introduction :-

               Disasters have always been a companion to man. Any natural calamity may result in human life injury, injury and health problems. Besides, property and the resources of daily bread are damaged. Natural calamities like earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, forest fires, floods, landslides and drought continue to attack continuously. Natural calamities have many causes for their occurrence. Natural calamities have many adverse effects on the lives of people. It causes a lot of damage to property and facilities. Apart from natural calamities, man himself causes disasters. Due to leakage of contaminated gas and the leakage of dirty air, environmental pollution is spread, in industrial accidents, due to the movement of toxic materials, the spread of radiation during nuclear changes, such accidents have become more common nowadays. The chapter opens with an introduction and classification of natural hazards. The reasons for this are then described as the subject matter of earthquake, floods, cyclones and droughts. Let us now turn to the means to protect these natural hazards.

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Natural distress:-

                   The crises in the natural environment are the result of human activities. There are many forms of natural calamities, but as a result of all these, the place where they occur is in dire straits. There are some examples of natural hazards such as fire accidents, battles and bombings, accidents in mines, global pollution, nuclear accidents, war and planetary disputes. Natural calamities can be divided into three categories: a sudden disaster, a war and a clandestine disaster. Emission of greenhouse gases is resulting in climate change, hence fertile green fields are turning into wastelands. As there is a hole in the ozone layer, the ultraviolet radiations are rapidly affecting the earth 's environment. Common calamities affecting the environment are earthquakes, droughts, floods, strong winds, landslides and cyclones. Several types of convention, convention and treaties here cause damage to the environment due to human activities caused by a gene for such issues between countries. Water is the prime factor of life, but water deficiency and overcrowding are the main causes of natural calamities. For example, the cyclone has caused torrential rain, extraordinarily high wind and massive storm - setting disasters. While, rainfall deficit leads to drought, which affects many sectors of the economy, such as availability of water in the agricultural sector or other activities which require water. Natural calamities in brief have been frequent with man. Natural calamities like earthquake, cyclones, floods, droughts, landslides etc. constantly hit the earth.

Earthquake :-

                 The energy produced due to retrogressive changes in the earth 's soil that vibrate. It creates an earthquake This earthquake has several effects on any change in the land form. Because of this, due to landslide, rock fall and DAMS are broken, due to flood and many kinds of damage in related areas. The earthquake causes fire in urban areas and the flood problem is due to gas leaks due to water tanks being broken or due to break down of electric wires. Areas which are likely to be earthquake are under high risk of these elements. 
• overstoried buildings
• weak buildings
• buildings made of raw mud
• old buildings and buildings that have been weakened by repairs.
                           During an earthquake, most of the large buildings collapse, cause loss of lives. Thus, to prevent human damage to the earthquake, the buildings need not be so strong.

Flood :-

        Water is essential to life, but its excess or deficiency makes human life miserable. Rain is the main source of water. If rainfall is scanty, it causes shortage of water or drought and excess rain overflows with it in the form of floods. On the one hand, water is life - giver, on the other hand, in the form of flood, it is a terrible form of disaster. Flood causes havoc in an area once a year. The main cause of floods is either heavy rainfall or the melting of snow on high mountains. Because of this the water level of the rivers increases and become flood. The occurrence of the rains and the flow of the rivers to the soil causes serious adverse effects. Sinking in the devastating flood waters causes more human damage. Survival during floods can be made possible by remaining away from the area and controlling the flow of water.

Drought :-

            The main difference between drought and other natural calamities is that the drought does not come as sudden as the earthquake and floods. Drought condition occurs when there is scarcity of rain. Drought can be divided into four categories: seasonal, water, agricultural and famines. Drought directly and indirectly affects life. The duration of drought during drought depends on irrigation facilities and size of affected area. The drought then effects the economic structure like crop failure, rearing, fisheries etc. Besides, it has a bad effect on the social structure, such as lack of food, dispute against human life for its loss and use of water, etc. In brief, drought causes economic, environmental and social harm. In the meantime, the state governments have the responsibility of protecting and rehabilitating the people in the affected area. To provide help to the people under rehabilitation so that they can buy their goods. Giving them health care and compensating their properties at the time of famine and drought. Such a complex period is inevitable after people have lost their property, forced to give up their place and suffer from the death of their families. This programme includes providing health services to the people, advising them, arranging goods like provision of transport for returning to their homes, helping them to resettle their homes, etc. Natural calamities and human made.

Cyclone :-

            Cyclones result in torrential rains, extraordinarily strong winds and enormous cyclones, which are destructive calamities. Cyclones cause severe damage to human life and property. Because of the cyclones the aeroplanes flying in the sky and the destruction of skyscrapers, the agricultural facilities, communication facilities, life facilities are all deteriorating. The central government makes a special contribution to the assistance of the people in this disaster. It provides for physical and financial resources, such as transport and warning of the people, giving rations to the people and other needs. To provide such assistance a separate aid department is set up in the states. The support activities are conducted at the district level by a group headed by the district authorities. It is assisted by regional level organisation and voluntary organizations at the block level and at the village level. The committees at the district level represent the representatives of the people of ngos and other government members and the people.

Tsunamis:-

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                Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning English translation port lehare. A tsunami is a series of waves caused by some kind of violent disturbance in the sea which shook the water posts from its place. Tsunami is a threat to the lives and property of those who live in the sea. Volcanic eruptions produce earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis to the body of the space. Landslides or volcanic eruptions on the surface of the water can also cause the t-tsunami. Countries that are located near the sea coast have a constant fear of death due to tsunami. Hence, the government USES a variety of instruments to check the intensity of tsunamis or to check environmental changes that may trigger the terrible disaster.

Hurricanes:-

                    The common name for the tropical cyclone is thunderstorm. Hurricanes are powerful cyclones that originate over the sea and move most of the coastal areas. The areas are damaged by the extraordinary winds, heavy rains and the activities of rising winds. The 'horicanes' are mostly round - shaped, revolving round the centre called the' eye '. Its interior is comparatively known. Strikecanes are produced by strong storms, creating more powerful vapour heat, tropical water, strong winds and wind pressure. A storm can be converted to "harricane" when winds speeds up to 74 MPH or more. They are known as the cyclones in Asia, the hurricanes in Central America and the storm in the east. Hearken is highly heat producing energy to a larger scale. They collect the heat from the sea 's warm, humid air and leave it in the form of water droplets in the storm.
                    This process has given rise to moist air and allows moisture to change into droplets to release latent heat and create whirlpools of energy. With the prevailing winds, the whirlpool along several hundred kilometres in diameter makes it move towards the centre with a full momentum. Cyclone storms have a tendency to migrate northward towards the plains. An example is the cyclone approaching the valley of Bengal. Combined states of harricanes are examples of highly seasonal events that have led to much destruction. This killer left nearly 250000 people homeless, damaging 85000 households and 810 billion people. They are mainly caused by storms in the sea, and once the storm reaches the plains, there is loss of life and property. Fortunately, the movements of cyclones can be viewed deeply through satellite and its rescue measures can be carried out over time.

Volcanoes :-

                  The volcano is an eruption on the outer surface of the earth, through which hot lava, ash and gases escape from the earth 's subsurface. Volcano is an important source of nitrogen. Mainly, the process of the volcano occurs where the surface of the earth gets disturbed or drifted to a point, thus allowing a small amount of nitrogen in the surface of the earth to get released in the centuries and thus helping in the formation of a tank of the vital nitrogen gas in the atmosphere. When volcanic ash, so² and dust reach the surface of the atmosphere, the heat of surat is cooled by the troposphere which changes the pattern of weather around the globe. How the volcano occurs is yet to be considered. This kind of incident follows where there is no one but the rocks, where there are only sand mountains, where the volcanoes are formed and the lava flows. Volcanoes are a terrible phenomenon, and all areas around it become rocky jungles where no human activities are possible. In New England and west Europe was one of the famous years when the weather changed and there was no heat, both in the United States and in Canada.

Management and preparedness for dealing with disasters :-    

                    To deal with such hazards, emergency preparations are necessary. This type of programme is a lengthy process of dealing with natural calamities which make our activities strong. It is a type of training designed to tackle disasters before they occur. In 1989, it was decided in a United Nations meeting to implement such programmes to protect human life from the terrible effects of natural calamities and mitigate their ill effects. Keeping in mind these objectives, the decade 1990-2000 was considered the international decade (idndr) for mitibing natural calamities. These schemes were based on contemporary thinking, defensive policies, to make every country use community resources correctly and judiciously, to minimize disasters, to reduce the hazards, to check the hazards and to report the timely occurrence. Idndr directs them to avoid natural calamities, to tackle them and to move from a place where such disasters may occur. Idndr 's policies for the year 2000 have been formulated that all countries will have the peace schemes either at the national or local level, of protecting, tackling these disasters, and its policy of fulfillment in their community.    

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